क्रिया तथा उसके प्रकार  – Verb and Types of Verb

Transitive Verb – ट्राजीटीव वर्ब –सकर्मक क्रिया – जिस (Verb) क्रिया में subject(कर्ता )के साथ object (कर्म ) भी होता है वहां (Transitive Verb) सकर्मक क्रिया होता है 

Example – Ram reads his book.

Example – We are going to school.

InTransitive Verb – इन ट्राजीटीव वर्ब-अकर्मक क्रिया – जिस (Verb) क्रिया में subject(कर्ता )के साथ  कोई भी object (कर्म ) नहीं  होता है वहां InTransitive Verb अकर्मक क्रिया होता है 

Example – The child weep.

Example – Mohan sleeps.

What is a Verb?

A verb is a word that describes an action, state, or occurrence. It tells us what the subject of a sentence is doing or what is happening to the subject. Verbs are one of the most important parts of a sentence because they show the action or the state of being of the subject.

Types of Verbs:

There are several types of verbs, each serving a specific function in a sentence.

1. Action Verbs (Transitive & Intransitive)

Action verbs describe what the subject of the sentence is doing. They express physical or mental actions.

Transitive Verbs:

• These verbs require a direct object to complete their meaning. The action is performed on someone or something.

  Examples:

  • She kicked the ball. (Here, “ball” is the direct object.)

  • I read the book. (“book” is the object)

Intransitive Verbs:

• These verbs do not require a direct object. The action is complete by itself.

  Examples:

  • He sleeps peacefully.

  • The birds fly high in the sky.

2. Linking Verbs

A linking verb connects the subject of the sentence with a subject complement (a word or phrase that describes the subject). Linking verbs do not show action; instead, they describe a state or condition.

Common linking verbs:

• Be (am, is, are, was, were)

• Seem

• Become

• Appear

• Feel

• Look

  Examples:

  • She is a teacher. (The verb “is” links “she” to the subject complement “teacher.”)

  • The soup tastes delicious. (“tastes” links “soup” to “delicious.”)

3. Auxiliary Verbs (Helping Verbs)

Auxiliary verbs, also called helping verbs, are used alongside the main verb to form various tenses, moods, and voices.

Common auxiliary verbs:

• Be (am, is, are, was, were)

• Have (has, have, had)

• Do (do, does, did)

• Modals (can, could, may, might, shall, should, will, would, etc.)

  Examples:

  • She has finished her homework. (Here, “has” helps form the present perfect tense.)

  • I can swim. (“can” is a modal verb expressing ability.)

  • He is reading a book. (“is” helps form the present continuous tense.)

4. Modal Verbs

Modal verbs are auxiliary verbs that express necessity, possibility, permission, ability, or likelihood. They are used to add meaning to the main verb.

Common modal verbs:

• Can / Could

• Will / Would

• Shall / Should

• May / Might

• Must

  Examples:

  • You must study for the exam. (Shows necessity)

  • She can sing beautifully. (Shows ability)

  • He might come to the party. (Shows possibility)

5. Phrasal Verbs

A phrasal verb is a verb combined with one or more particles (prepositions or adverbs) that change the meaning of the original verb. These are very common in English.

Examples of phrasal verbs:

• Look after (to care for)

  • She looks after her younger brother.

• Give up (to quit)

  • He gave up smoking last year.

• Turn off (to switch off)

  • Please turn off the lights when you leave.

6. Irregular Verbs

Irregular verbs do not follow the regular rule of adding “-ed” to the base verb to form the past tense. Instead, they change in various ways, and you need to memorize their forms.

Examples of irregular verbs:

• Go → Went → Gone

• Eat → Ate → Eaten

• Buy → Bought → Bought

• Run → Ran → Run

  Examples:

  • I went to the store yesterday.

  • She has eaten lunch already.

7. Regular Verbs

Regular verbs follow a simple pattern when changing from present to past tense. In most cases, you add “-ed” to the base form of the verb.

Examples of regular verbs:

• Work → Worked → Worked

• Play → Played → Played

• Talk → Talked → Talked

  Examples:

  • He worked all day.

  • They played football yesterday.

8. Stative Verbs

Stative verbs describe a state or condition rather than an action. These verbs often express emotions, senses, thoughts, possession, or relationships.

Examples of stative verbs:

• Be (am, is, are)

• Have

• Know

• Like

• Believe

• Need

  Examples:

  • She likes chocolate. (Shows preference)

  • He knows the answer. (Describes a state of knowing)

  • I have a car. (Shows possession)

9. Causative Verbs

Causative verbs are used when one person causes another person to do something, or when something is done for someone by someone else.

Examples of causative verbs:

• Make

• Have

• Let

  Examples:

  • She made him apologize. (She forced him to apologize.)

  • I had my car repaired yesterday. (I caused someone to repair my car.)

  • He let her borrow his book. (He allowed her to borrow the book.)

Conclusion:

Verbs are central to sentences and communication. The type of verb used can change the meaning, tense, or structure of a sentence. It’s important to understand the variety of verbs available in English to express actions, states, and events accurately.

Let me know if you’d like more examples or explanations about any particular type of verb!